When your baby’s poop looks like clay or they seem to struggle when passing stools, constipation might be the reason. Here’s how to spot it, what causes it, and how to help your little one feel better.
Understanding What’s Normal
Before jumping to conclusions, it’s important to know what healthy baby poop looks like—especially since it can differ depending on whether your baby is breastfed or formula-fed.
Formula-fed babies usually have stools that are tan, thicker in texture (like paste), and a bit smellier. They may poop once or twice a day, or sometimes only every few days.
Breastfed babies, on the other hand, often have softer, yellow, seedy stools that smell milder—similar to buttered popcorn. Their bowel movements can happen after every feed or as infrequently as once a week, and both can still be normal.
Once babies start eating solids, the color, texture, and frequency of their stools will change again. On average, babies under four months may poop three to four times a day, while older babies (who’ve started solids) usually go once a day.
The most important thing to remember is that if your baby’s stool is soft and your little one seems comfortable, there’s usually no need to worry.
Common Signs of Constipation in Babies
Constipation can sometimes be tricky to identify since bowel habits vary widely between babies. Still, there are a few clear signs to look out for:
- Hard, dry, or clay-like stools
- Difficulty or visible straining when passing stools
- A bloated or firm tummy
- Fussiness or irritability
- Pain during bowel movements
- Traces of blood in the stool
- Going several days without pooping (especially in formula-fed babies)
Dr. Jane Morton, a pediatrician at Stanford University, explains that “consistency is key.” If stools are no longer soft or pasty but instead firm and shaped like small balls, constipation could be the cause—though it’s quite rare in exclusively breastfed infants.
If your baby hasn’t passed stool by day five after birth, especially if it’s not the typical yellow color, it may be a sign that they’re not getting enough milk and should be checked by a doctor.
Also, note that white or pale stools are never normal and may point to a liver problem—see a pediatrician immediately if you notice this.
What Causes Constipation in Babies?
Constipation can happen for a few different reasons, although it’s more common in formula-fed infants than those who are exclusively breastfed. Formula is thicker and tends to create firmer stools.
Possible causes include:
- Milk protein allergy or lactose intolerance
- Switching to solid foods
- Not drinking enough fluids
- Certain medications
- Specific bowel conditions
When babies start solids—usually around six months—their diet can play a big role. Too many binding foods, such as applesauce, bananas, or rice cereal, can cause constipation. Try to maintain balance by offering a mix of fruits, vegetables, and high-fibre foods.
Helping a Constipated Baby
In many cases, constipation can be relieved by small changes in diet or feeding.
- For formula-fed babies: Speak to your pediatrician before changing formulas. Sometimes a small adjustment or a different formula type can make a big difference.
- For breastfed babies: If your baby seems constipated, the mother’s diet can occasionally play a role—though this is less common.
- For babies on solids: Offer water between meals, fruit juice (like prune, pear, or apple juice—in moderation), and fibre-rich foods such as pears, peaches, plums, prunes, or broccoli.
Gentle tummy massages, bicycle leg movements, or a warm bath may also help ease discomfort.
When To Seek Medical Help
While mild constipation is often temporary, there are times when you should contact your healthcare provider:
- If your baby (not exclusively breastfed) hasn’t pooped for three or more days
- If an infant younger than two months seems constipated
- If constipation is accompanied by vomiting, loss of appetite, or irritability
- If you notice blood in the stool
Your doctor may do a quick exam or some simple tests. In some cases, gentle rectal stimulation or a glycerin suppository may be recommended to help your baby pass stool. Always follow your doctor’s guidance before trying any medication or home remedy.
The Bottom Line
Constipation in babies is usually nothing to panic about and can often be managed through diet and hydration. Pay attention to your baby’s stool consistency, frequency, and comfort levels—those are your best clues.
If symptoms persist or you’re unsure, always check in with your pediatrician. With a bit of care and attention, your baby will be back to happy, healthy diaper changes in no time!